Tricks to Remember the Examples of Plants in Morphology of Flowering Plants?
Tricks to Remember the Examples of Plants in Morphology of Flowering Plants?
Let us look at the memorization tricks of morphology of flowering plants in order to get the right idea.
Dicots Vs Monocots
Questions such as whether dicots have parallel venation or reticulate or whether monocots have tap root or fibrous roots confuse us a lot. This can be memorized by making mnemonic.
Types of Aestivations and their examples
It is very difficult to learn the basic examples of different types of aestivations. But it is very important to learn these because many questions are asked from this topic in the competitive examination. It can be learnt easily by making mnemonic.
Floral formulae
In the topic morphology of flowering plants, it is very tough to learn the floral formula of the three families- Fabaceae, Liliaceae and Solanaceae. One can make it easier by making some simple steps.
Morphology of flowering plants
Plant morphology states that every plant has two systems- a root system and a shoot system. The root system goes deep into the ground and form a system of its own. The shoot system is above the ground level and is made of several plant parts.
Root system
Root system is the descending part of the plant and it grows under the soil roots. At the time of germination, the seed grows downward and it branches out. The branches along with the primary root are known as the root system. Roots does have chlorophyll and that is why, they are not green in color. Roots are positively geotropic and hydrotropic which means that they grow towards ground and water. Roots are negatively phototropic which means that they grow away from light.
There are three kinds of root systems which are found in plants. They are:
- Taproot system– Dicots have this type of root system. Here, the primary root grows from the radicle of the germinating seeds and other roots comes out laterally from the primary root. Taproot system holds the plant firmly and it grows deep into the soil. Some examples are mango, mustard, gram, etc.
- The fibrous root system– Monocots have this type of fibrous root system where the roots grow into a thin and dense network. This type of roots does not grow deep into the soil and remains near the surface. Therefore, they cannot provide a strong base like taproot. The branching roots might grow from a primary root in some plants but the duration is very short-lived. The roots grow from the radicle and plumule of the flowering plant in this type of root system. Some plants may have both taproot and fibrous roots. Some examples are wheat, paddy, onion, maize, etc.
- The adventitious root system– The adventitious roots grow from the plant parts other than the radicle of the plant. Monocots have the adventitious root system. Roots comes out from stems, leaves, shoots, or any other plant. Adventitious roots grow normally or under conditions of stress. They are parts for sustaining extreme conditions such as drought, physical wounds, or absence of nutrients. Some examples are banyan tree, oak tree, maize, beetle tree, etc.
Functions of root
Coming to the functions of root, there are four major functions of roots. They are as follows:
- To provide anchorage– Roots goes deep in the ground and holds the pant firmly in one place. Thus, roots are there to anchor the plants in the ground.
- Absorptions of essentials– Roots are hydrotropic. That is why, they go under the ground to look for water and nutrients. They absorb the minerals needed for plant growth from the ground and water as well.
- Storage– Roots also store water and minerals along with absorption.
- Translocation of essentials– Roots transports water and minerals to the stem.
Do you know the answer of the below question?
Which of the following is not the main function of a root?
- a) Respiration
- b) Anchorage
- c) Synthesis of plant growth regulators
- d) Absorption of water and minerals.
Shoot system
It should be noted that the shoot system grows above the ground level. It consists of the stem, leaves, nodes, internodes, and so on. The shoot system comes out from the plumule of the germinating seed. Shoot system of the flowering plant is made up of the stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Stems
Stems give axial stability to plants. Stems grow above the ground and are autotrophic. They grow away from the soil and towards the direction of light. The apex of the stem has a terminal bud. The color of the young stems is green. When the plant grows into a tree, the stem makes a tough protecting cover which is brown in color.
Morphology of stem of angiosperms
Morphology of stems talks about two main factors- nodes and internodes. Nodes are the areas where the plant bear leaves and internodes are the points between the nodes. The study of phyllotaxis is about the arrangement of leaves on the stem. Therefore, according to phyllotaxy, one leaf per node is known as spiral arrangement, one leaf per node with a branching of 180 degrees is the alternate arrangement. Two leaves per nodes are known as the opposite arrangement, and more than two leaves per node are known as a whorled arrangement.